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Syphilitic Uveitis A 64-year-old male presented to the VA Eye Clinic with painless vision loss in the right eye. He was found to have vitreous hemorrhage, thought to be secondary to a hemorrhagic PVD, which was observed. Over several weeks, the patient’s vision worsened and his vitreous became mo…

Systemic Lupus Erythematous Associated Anterior Scleritis and Uveitis A patient with a past medical history of ITP presented with recurrent episodes of red, painful eyes. Slit lamp exam was notable for sectoral injection without nodules that was tender to palpation and did not completely blanch wit…

Tattoo Granuloma with Uveitis A patient presented with painful decreased vision in the right eye for 3 weeks. He was found to be in pupillary block with 360* posterior synechiae and anterior chamber cell in both eyes. A laser peripheral iridotomy was performed with relief of pain and elevated press…

Terrien Marginal Degeneration Our patient presented with progressive decreased vision in the left eye and was found to have significant thinning of the inferior cornea associated with corneal neovascularization and lipid deposition, which was worse in the left than the right eye. Inflammatory lab w…

A patient presented with blurred vision in the left eye. Examination showed corneal neovascularization and lipid deposition inferiorly. Anterior segment OCT revealed significant corneal stromal thinning with descemetocele. Treatment was with a with an optical penetrating keratoplasty with corrected…

Terson's Syndrome A patient with no known past ocular history was referred for evaluation of bilateral retinal detachments. Prior to his presentation, the patient was admitted to an outside hospital and was diagnosed with a sub-arachnoid hemorrhage originating from the right anterior communicating …

In this module, we will look at:




Thyroid Eye Disease


Diabetic Retinopathy


HIV in Ophthalmology


Hypertensive Retinopathy

Thioridazine Macular Toxicity A 69-year-old male with decreased vision OU referred to BPEI for a 2nd opinion. Originally diagnosed with dry age-related macular degeneration. Fundal examination revealed extensive chorioretinal atrophy in the macula and the medioretina. After thorough work up, it was…

Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy with Compressive Optic Neuropathy A patient presented for a second opinion after experiencing pain, proptosis, vision loss, and injection of his left eye for 2 years, with intermittent improvement on systemic steroids. Prior to presentation at our institution, the …

Thyroid Eye Disease A 57-year-old woman with PMH of hyperthyroidism presents with eye pain, swelling, and blurry vision worsening for 3 weeks. Exam revealed severe proptosis, exposure keratopathy, orbital congestion, and markedly reduced visual acuity. CT and laboratory were workup consistent with …

Tolosa Hunt Syndrome Tolosa Hunt Syndrome is an idiopathic inflammatory process of the cavernous sinus of unknown etiology. There are no known risk factors, but an inciting event, such as a viral illness, vaccination, trauma, or tumors, are known to be preceding events that result in nonspecific in…

A patient with double Torpedo Maculopathy lesions in the left eye. Two lesions are noted inferior to the macula with associated RPE changes and overlying fluid. Funds autofluorescence images show areas of hypofluorescence and hyperfluorescence correlating with the RPE changes on fundus photos.

Total Hyphema A 79-year-old female with no history of trauma presents to the Bascom Palmer Emergency room with one day of sudden decreased vision and pain in the right eye. One day prior, the patient underwent argon laser trabeculoplasty in the right eye for treatment of mild primary open angle gla…

Total hyphema with dehemoglobinized heme inferiorly post operative day 1 s/p ce/iol/kahook dual blade right eye

Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome A 73-year-old male with history of myopia presents with 1 day of blurry vision in the right eye after uncomplicated cataract extraction and intraocular lens implant. Patient reports mild irritation without associated pain. Vision at presentation was count fingers wit…

The temporal toxocara lesion led to sub retinal exudation, macular fold and tractional retinal detachment. Surgery was performed with pars plana vitrectomy.