Course name | Date

Coats' Plus Disease

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Maria Paula Fernandez, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Fernandez
Coats' Plus Disease An infant born prematurely via emergency cesarean section at 27-weeks due to IUGR and fetal distress weighting 650 g was referred for the evaluation of incomplete vascularization of the retina. After birth, the patient spent 117 days in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), w…

Optic Disc Drusen with Structural and Functional Changes

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Mariana Abi Karam, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Hilda Capo, MD; Byron L. Lam, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Capo, Karam, Lam
Optic Disc Drusen with Structural and Functional Changes A young child presented with crossing of the eyes without headaches or associated neurologic symptoms. Visual acuity was OD 20/30 and OS 20/40. Motility examination demonstrated moderate angle esotropia with full versions. Intraocular pressur…

Coats Disease

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Benjamin R. Lin, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): J. William Harbour, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Harbour, Lin
Coats Disease An infant presented with suspected retinoblastoma after undergoing an exam under anesthesia (EUA) with an outside provider. On repeat exam under anesthesia, there were no mass lesions identified on indirect exam or ultrasound. Indirect exam revealed powdery yellow exudative changes an…

Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Michael J. Venincasa, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Venincasa
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy A child with a history of full-term birth complicated by arrest of descent and resolved neonatal seizure with normal MRI and EEG was referred for evaluation of nystagmus. An examination under anesthesia was required, during which an electroretinogram demonstrate…

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Humberto Salazar, III, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Elena Bitrian, MD; J. William Harbour, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Bitrian, Harbour, Salazar
Sturge-Weber Syndrome A child was born with an extensive, bilateral, flat, red facial skin lesion that was initially flat and barely noticeable but over time has grown and become thicker and a deeper red color. He was born at term to a healthy mother, had no other lesions on his body, no other symp…

Optic Nerve Cyst and Coloboma

Type: Ophthalmic Images
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Original Contributor(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD; Nimesh A. Patel, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Patel

Optic nerve cyst (first image) that over time revealed an optic nerve coloboma (second image).

Ocular Neuromyotonia

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Mariam S. Vila-Delgado, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Hilda Capo, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Capo, Vila-Delgado
Ocular Neuromyotonia A child with a history of left exotropia secondary to a congenital third nerve palsy treated with strabismus surgery and ptosis repair presented with sudden onset intermittent left upper lid twitching and involuntary eye movements. Patient had no previous history of intracrania…

Knobloch Syndrome

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Benjamin J. Fowler, MD, PhD
Faculty Discussant(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD; Craig A. McKeown, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Fowler, McKeown
Knobloch Syndrome An infant presented to the eye clinic with nystagmus. The patient underwent examination. Initial eye examination revealed horizontal nystagmus, a midline occipital scalp lesion, hypoplastic macula in both eyes, and high myopia (greater than -15.0 D in both eyes). Given a family hi…

Iatrogenic Medial Rectus Transection

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Kevin D. Clauss, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Craig A. McKeown, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Clauss, McKeown
Iatrogenic Medial Rectus Transection Patient presented with acute onset binocular horizontal diplopia and an incomitant left exotropia with severe, but not complete adduction deficit. On orbital imaging, the medial rectus appeared to be completely transected, however the patient maintained some add…

X-linked Retinoschisis

Type: Ophthalmic Images
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Original Contributor(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD; Nimesh A. Patel, MD; Camila V. Ventura, MD, PhD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Patel, Ventura
This is congenital retinal dystrophy is caused by a mutation in the retinoschisin (RS1) gene, which encodes for a protein that functions in cellular adhesion. The fundus photo shows a macular stellate pattern caused by schisis or splitting of the retinal layers at the level of the outer plexiform l…

Bilateral Exotropic Duane Syndrome

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Mariam S. Vila-Delgado, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Craig A. McKeown, MD
Presenter/Faculty: McKeown, Vila-Delgado
Bilateral Exotropic Duane Syndrome A healthy 5-year-old male presented with an outward deviation of both eyes since approximately 4 months of age. Motility testing was notable for significant limitation to adduction in both eyes, significant downshoot in the right eye and downshoot and upshoot in t…

Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Thomas A. Lazzarini, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Lazzarini
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium A 19-month-old girl with an unremarkable prenatal and infantile history presented with esotropia of the left eye and was found to have a vascularized mass concerning for retinoblastoma. Examination under anesthesia revealed a charcoal …

Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma with Vitreous Hemorrhage

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Benjamin J. Fowler, MD, PhD
Faculty Discussant(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Fowler
Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma with Vitreous Hemorrhage A five-week-old full-term male with a history of seizures and birth trauma underwent ophthalmology screening. Initial eye examination revealed vitreous hemorrhage. Subsequent examination under anesthesia with multi-modal imaging revealed vitreou…

Coats' Disease with Secondary Pseudoangiomatous Acquired Retinal Gliosis

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Humberto Salazar, III, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): J. William Harbour, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Harbour, Salazar
Coats' Disease with Secondary Pseudoangiomatous Acquired Retinal Gliosis A healthy 6-year-old female was referred after she failed her school vision screening in the right eye. Exam revealed a visual acuity of count fingers (CF) at 1 foot in the right eye. Slit lamp examination was unremarkable. Fu…

Pediatric Ophthalmology

Type: Medical Student Education
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Chris R. Alabiad, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Alabiad

In this module, we will look at:




Extraocular Muscle


Introduction to Pediatric Ophthalmology


Coats' Disease Stage 4

Type: Ophthalmic Images
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Original Contributor(s): Nimesh A. Patel, MD; Victor Villegas, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Patel, Villegas

RetCam photo with a bullous exudative retinal detachment. Angiography shows area of engorged vessels, telangiectasias and neovascularization. Ultrasound with moderate dense vitreous opacities and no calcifications. Surgery with external drainage was required for treatment.

Toxocara with Tractional Retinal Detachment

Type: Ophthalmic Images
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Original Contributor(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD; Nimesh A. Patel, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Patel

The temporal toxocara lesion led to sub retinal exudation, macular fold and tractional retinal detachment. Surgery was performed with pars plana vitrectomy.

Usher Syndrome

Type: Ophthalmic Images
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Original Contributor(s): Nimesh A. Patel, MD; Brandon Sparling
Presenter/Faculty: Patel, Sparling

Fundus photo with central and peripheral retinal atrophy as well and bone spicule RPE changes. This patient also had characteristic hearing loss.

Wyburn-Mason Syndrome

Type: Ophthalmic Images
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Original Contributor(s): Audina M. Berrocal, MD; Brenda Fallas; Kenneth C. Fan, MD, MBA; Nimesh A. Patel, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Berrocal, Fallas, Fan, Patel

Fundus photo with retinal arteriovenous malformation emanating from the nerve. FA shows filling of the vessels without leakage. MRI is needed to assess for intracranial AVMs.

Restrictive Strabismus and Brown Syndrome Secondary to Graves Disease

Type: Online Grand Rounds
Include in Catalogue?: Yes
Presenter(s): Somya Chowdhary, MD
Faculty Discussant(s): Hilda Capo, MD
Presenter/Faculty: Capo, Chowdhary
Restrictive Strabismus and Brown Syndrome Secondary to Graves’ Disease A 68-year-old male with restrictive strabismus and Brown syndrome with extraocular movement restriction secondary to TED. He was on clinical trial for Teprotumumab 302 and had prior RAI ablation. His visual acuity OD is 20/20,…