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Juvenile Xanthogranuloma A baby was referred for a new-onset subconjunctival lesion in the right eye. He was found to have a thickened, yellow corneoscleral lesion and hyphema, presumed to be ocular juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). He was started on topical steroids as empiric treatment, with initia…

Kabuki Syndrome Associated Euryblepharon and Ptosis Repair with Post Operative Hematoma A teenager with a history of Kabuki Syndrome presents to the ophthalmology clinic for evaluation of bilateral ptosis and eye rubbing, and epiphora. Best corrected visual acuity is 20/40 bilaterally, intraocular …

This patient presented with 1 month of left eyelid swelling. MRI showed infiltration in the periorbital soft tissues. Absolute CD4 count was 27 and the diagnosis was made with immunohistochemistry positive for HHV8. The patient was started on HAART therapy, the local lesions were treated with nitro…

Kaposi's sarcoma of the conjunctiva.

Kaposi's Sarcoma of the Conjunctiva A patient presented to the BPEI Emergency Room with a painless red eye for the past 3 months. Past medical history was limited to a recent hospitalization for a complicated pneumonia and a new diagnosis of HIV. Examination of the eye revealed an elevated, vascula…

Keratitis Due to Severe Sinonasal Disease with Underlying Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis A young patient with no known prior medical history presents with decreased vision and pain in the right eye. On presentation, patient’s exam was notable for visual acuity of 20/150 in the right eye and 20/…

Keratoacanthoma

Keratoprosthesis infiltrate and epithelial defect. There was progression with pain and and vitritis that led to removal of the prosthesis.

This photo demonstrates a large amelanotic yellow/white lesion that appears elevated in the temporal macula with adjacent vasculitis and multifocal hemorrhage. CT scan showed a large hypoattenuating lesion within the right lobe of the liver concerning for a liver abscess. The cultures grew Klebsiel…

Knobloch Syndrome An infant presented to the eye clinic with nystagmus. The patient underwent examination. Initial eye examination revealed horizontal nystagmus, a midline occipital scalp lesion, hypoplastic macula in both eyes, and high myopia (greater than -15.0 D in both eyes). Given a family hi…

Lattice Corneal Dystrophy Lattice corneal dystrophy is a rare disease with a variety of etiologies. Historically, corneal dystrophies have been defined as bilateral, progressive processes that start in a patient’s first to second decade of life and have no correlation with systemic illnesses. Whi…

Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy A patient came to ED due to subacute decreased vision in his right eye since 1/2023. He had a history of decreased vision in his left eye following phacoemulsification surgery in Oct 2022. BCVA was 20/70 OD and 20/400 OS Past medical history was positive for HTN,…

In this module, we will look at:




Anatomy of the Lens


Cataracts

A pediatric patient with leukemic infiltrate of the optic nerve in both eyes.

Leukemic Optic Neuropathy Leukemic optic neuropathy is a rare entity that is characterized as optic nerve dysfunction resulting from direct infiltration of neoplastic leukocytes. It is an indicator of central nervous system involvement, and it is a neuro-ophthalmic and oncologic emergency that warr…

Lipemia Retinalis A patient with past ocular history of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy presented for routine examination to retina clinic. Patient had no vision concerns nor any systemic symptoms on review of systems. On examination, patient found to have cream colored large calibre vessels …

Lisch Corneal Dystrophy A patient presented with blurry vision in the left eye and was found to have a pigmented superficial corneal lesion which showed hyperreflectivity without thickening on the AS-OCT. The lesion was biopsied and confirmed to be Lisch corneal dystrophy on pathology. The lesion r…

Slit lamp photo of biopsy proven Lisch Corneal dystrophy.