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Cyclodialysis Cleft A patient with no significant PMHx presented to BPEI one day after being hit with a giant rubber band in his left eye. Visual acuity of the left eye was hand motion and IOP was 21 mmHg. Examination revealed a hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, and shallow choroidal detachments. The p…

Cutaneous Melanoma Metastatic to the Orbit A patient with a past medical history of Stage IIA cutaneous melanoma, treated with wide local excision and radiation therapy, presented after 12 years of remission with proptosis, pain, diplopia, and decreased vision, unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. S…

Crystalline Keratopathy Secondary to Mycobacteria Abscesses in Setting of Pre-Existing Herpetic Keratitis A patient with history of herpetic keratitis referred to cornea service with multifocal, white, anterior stromal deposits left eye. Examination revealed 20/20 with inferior and temporal paracen…

Cranial Nerve 6 Palsy from Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma A 34-year-old woman presented with 2 weeks of diplopia. The patient had binocular horizontal diplopia with a right cranial nerve 6 palsy and moderate-to-severe headache of 1-week duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orb…

COVID-19 Related Conjunctivitis A 33-year-old female presented with 6 days of eye redness and tearing without vision changes. She had no significant past medical history and was not taking any medications. Of note, the patient was a Registered Nurse at University of Miami Hospital. She had multiple…

Cosmetic Iris Implant A patient presented for bilateral blurred vision and eye pain of 3 days duration. The patient had previously undergone bilateral LASIK and cosmetic iris implantation. He was found to have decreased vision of 20/800 on the right eye and could see the 20/200 E when held at his f…

This patient presented with left-sided CN 5, 6, 7, and 8 palsies leading to multiple emergency visits for corneal erosions and infectious corneal ulcers. Prior treatment was with amniotic membrane discs, superficial keratectomy with EDTA, botox tarsorrhaphy, and a surgical ertractor reinsertion wit…

Corneal Graft Endothelial Rejection in Association with COVID-19 Vaccine A patient with history of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) of the right eye (OD) was self-referred to cornea service for progressively decreasing vision. He subsequently underwent uncomplicated Descemet’s membrane endo…

A patient with bilateral corneal edema and elevated intraocular pressure due to cosmetic iris implants. Slit lamp photos showing left worse than right corneal edema, with distortion of native iris behind the implant. High resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy showing iris implant resting in the angle…

Corneal Decompensation A patient with past ocular history of primary open-angle glaucoma, status post glaucoma drainage implant in the right eye, underwent cataract surgery in the right eye. Preoperative potential acuity meter testing predicted visual acuity outcome of 20/25. The patient developed …

Corneal Decompensation Corneal decompensation in the setting of glaucoma surgery is a complex entity that is poorly understood. Endothelial cell loss occurs from both the glaucoma itself and from the placement of intraocular glaucoma devices. This decline in endothelial cells occurs via direct and …

In this module, we will look at:




Corneal Anatomy


Refractive Errors


Dry Eye Syndrome


Corneal Infections


Immune Mediated Corneal Disease



Corneal Ectasias and Degenerations

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Keratoacanthoma Type A patient presented with a rapidly enlarging lesion of the nasal conjunctiva of the left eye. The past ocular history was significant only for bilateral surgical removal of cataracts with intraocular lens placement. The patient had a past m…

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Intraorbital and Intraocular Invasion A 64-year-old male with a history of T2DM and HTN was referred for 2 weeks of severe pain and redness in the right eye. Two months earlier, he had undergone reported pterygium removal surgery in another country. At pres…

Conjunctival SCC A patient presented to the emergency department with a right eye conjunctival mass. Examination showed a large mass, emanating from the conjunctiva. CT scan showed inferior orbital involvement. Surgical treatment via exenteration was carried out, using a lid sparing technique, prov…

Conjunctival melanoma treated with I-125 brachytherapy.

Conjunctival Melanoma A 38-year-old healthy man presents with a pigmented lesion two years after onset and undergoes excisional biopsy which confirms conjunctival melanoma. Systemic work-up reveals metastasis, and the patient undergoes multiple cycles of radiation and chemotherapy. He later died of…

Conjunctival Melanoma A 55-year-old male who presented to Bascom Palmer for a multi-year history of a progressively enlarging painless pigmented conjunctival lesion of the right eye. He was found to have a large non-mobile pigmented lesion of the right perilimbal conjunctiva. While initially he was…

A large pigmented nasal growth with vascularization. This case was treated with surgery using a 'no touch technique' excisional biopsy with 4 mm margins and amniotic membrane tissue placement.