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ABCA-4 Retinal Dystrophy A patient with bilateral progressive vision loss presents to the clinic for evaluation. The patient’s initial vision was hand motion in both eyes. Fundus photos shows extensive retinal degeneration, geographic atrophy, and optic nerve pallor. ABCA-4 related retinopathies …

Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy A young patient presents with acute onset of blurry vision and scotoma. Visual acuity is 20/25 in both eyes. Exam reveals hypopigmented patches in the macula of both eyes, as well as a flame hemorrhage in the left. Imaging reveals disruption of the outer plexiform, ou…

Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy A patient presented with one week of blurred vision. He noted a concomitant headache and cold symptoms as well. He had a history of IV drug use 10 days prior. His visual acuity was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Examinati…

Fundus photo demonstrating confluent creamy yellow-white lesions representing acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy.

Acute Retinal Necrosis A monocular patient with no past ocular history in the left eye presented with several days of decreased vision in the left eye. On examination he was found to have panuveitis, and there was concern for necrotizing retinitis. He was treated empirically for presumed acute reti…

Presentation with peripheral retinal whitening and perivascular hemorrhages. PCR was positive for HSV. Treatment was with the intravitreal antiviral Foscarnet as well as oral Valacyclovir. On 3 months follow up there was improvement in the retinitis with peripheral atrophy that was laser demarcated…

Acute Retinal Necrosis Secondary to HSV-2 Acute retinal necrosis is a rare entity clinically defined by one or more foci of retinal necrosis in the peripheral retina with circumferential spread and rapid progression in the absence of therapy. It typically includes an occlusive vasculopathy and prom…

Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Chorioretinitis A 56-year-old Hispanic male with past medical history of gout presented to the emergency room with a “purple spot” in his right eye for the last four days. Examination was significant for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 20/70, no anterior c…

Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Uveitis An adult patient presented to the Bascom Palmer emergency room for evaluation of five days of bilateral painless vision loss and floaters. On slit lamp examination he did not have any conjunctival injection or anterior chamber cell or flare. Dilated fundus…

Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) A 31-year-old male presents with eye redness, foreign body sensation, and blurry vision in both eyes, worse in the right eye. On exam he is found to have follicular conjunctivitis in both eyes with sub epithelial infiltrates on the right cornea. His conj…

Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) A patient with a history of photopsias in the left eye for approximately 20 years comes for evaluation due to photopsias now involving both eyes. Concomitantly, the patient also notices scotomas in both eyes. Infectious, immune, and degenerative retinopa…

Age Related Macular Degeneration RPE tears occur in AMD as part of the normal disease progression. They are usually associated with vascularized pigment epithelial detachments at a rate of 10%. RPE tears are also associated with Central Serous Retinopathy, Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation, Polypoi…

Age-Related Macular Degeneration We present an elderly patient with new onset visual distortions in the right eye. Vision is 20/30 OD, 20/20 OS. She is diagnosed with exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in the right eye and non-exudative AMD in the left eye. Swept Source OCT Angiograph…

Autosomal Dominant Neovascular Inflammatory Vitreoretinopathy A patient with no family history of retinal disease presented to the Bascom Palmer emergency room with 4 days of floaters in her right eye. Her VA was 20/30 and her intraocular pressure was normal. She was found to have vitreous hemorrha…

Autosomal Recessive RPE65-Deficient Leber Congenital Amaurosis A 17-year-old male with a biallelic RPE65 mutation resulting in autosomal recessive Leber Congenital Amaurosis is referred for evaluation for subretinal gene therapy with voretigene neparvovec-rzyl. Baseline evaluation was remarkable fo…

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome A young adult presented with progressive decrease in the visual acuity of both eyes. Past medical history included idiopathic intracranial hypertension suspect, obesity, learning disabilities, anxiety, polydactyly (status post excision of an extra toe). Family history includes…

Fundus photo with exudates in a stellate pattern surrounding macula. OCT showing the hyperdense exudates in the outerplexiform layer.

Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation A patient with a past medical history of bladder and lung cancer s/p primary excisional therapy, chemotherapy, and a short course of immunotherapy presented with a recent episode of blurry vision in both eyes. Patient’s exam was notable for visual…

Right eye with central retinal artery occlusion and left eye with superior branch retinal artery occlusion.

Bilateral Subacute/Chronic Endophthalmitis Leading to Complex Combined Retinal Detachment A patient with past medical history of chronic sciatica and recurrent skin abscesses presented to an outside hospital with positive blood, urine, and skin abscess cultures positive for methicillin sensitive st…