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Conjunctival melanoma treated with I-125 brachytherapy.

Conjunctival SCC A patient presented to the emergency department with a right eye conjunctival mass. Examination showed a large mass, emanating from the conjunctiva. CT scan showed inferior orbital involvement. Surgical treatment via exenteration was carried out, using a lid sparing technique, prov…

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Intraorbital and Intraocular Invasion A 64-year-old male with a history of T2DM and HTN was referred for 2 weeks of severe pain and redness in the right eye. Two months earlier, he had undergone reported pterygium removal surgery in another country. At pres…

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Keratoacanthoma Type A patient presented with a rapidly enlarging lesion of the nasal conjunctiva of the left eye. The past ocular history was significant only for bilateral surgical removal of cataracts with intraocular lens placement. The patient had a past m…

In this module, we will look at:




Corneal Anatomy


Refractive Errors


Dry Eye Syndrome


Corneal Infections


Immune Mediated Corneal Disease



Corneal Ectasias and Degenerations

Corneal Decompensation A patient with past ocular history of primary open-angle glaucoma, status post glaucoma drainage implant in the right eye, underwent cataract surgery in the right eye. Preoperative potential acuity meter testing predicted visual acuity outcome of 20/25. The patient developed …

Corneal Decompensation Corneal decompensation in the setting of glaucoma surgery is a complex entity that is poorly understood. Endothelial cell loss occurs from both the glaucoma itself and from the placement of intraocular glaucoma devices. This decline in endothelial cells occurs via direct and …

A patient with bilateral corneal edema and elevated intraocular pressure due to cosmetic iris implants. Slit lamp photos showing left worse than right corneal edema, with distortion of native iris behind the implant. High resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy showing iris implant resting in the angle…

Corneal Graft Endothelial Rejection in Association with COVID-19 Vaccine A patient with history of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) of the right eye (OD) was self-referred to cornea service for progressively decreasing vision. He subsequently underwent uncomplicated Descemet’s membrane endo…

This patient presented with left-sided CN 5, 6, 7, and 8 palsies leading to multiple emergency visits for corneal erosions and infectious corneal ulcers. Prior treatment was with amniotic membrane discs, superficial keratectomy with EDTA, botox tarsorrhaphy, and a surgical ertractor reinsertion wit…

Cosmetic Iris Implant A patient presented for bilateral blurred vision and eye pain of 3 days duration. The patient had previously undergone bilateral LASIK and cosmetic iris implantation. He was found to have decreased vision of 20/800 on the right eye and could see the 20/200 E when held at his f…

COVID-19 Related Conjunctivitis A 33-year-old female presented with 6 days of eye redness and tearing without vision changes. She had no significant past medical history and was not taking any medications. Of note, the patient was a Registered Nurse at University of Miami Hospital. She had multiple…

Cranial Nerve 6 Palsy from Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma A 34-year-old woman presented with 2 weeks of diplopia. The patient had binocular horizontal diplopia with a right cranial nerve 6 palsy and moderate-to-severe headache of 1-week duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orb…

Crystalline Keratopathy Secondary to Mycobacteria Abscesses in Setting of Pre-Existing Herpetic Keratitis A patient with history of herpetic keratitis referred to cornea service with multifocal, white, anterior stromal deposits left eye. Examination revealed 20/20 with inferior and temporal paracen…

Cutaneous Melanoma Metastatic to the Orbit A patient with a past medical history of Stage IIA cutaneous melanoma, treated with wide local excision and radiation therapy, presented after 12 years of remission with proptosis, pain, diplopia, and decreased vision, unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. S…

Cyclodialysis Cleft A patient with no significant PMHx presented to BPEI one day after being hit with a giant rubber band in his left eye. Visual acuity of the left eye was hand motion and IOP was 21 mmHg. Examination revealed a hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, and shallow choroidal detachments. The p…

Cyclodialysis Cleft After Atent Implantation Patient with history of primary open angle glaucoma presented with persistent hyphema and hypotony after combined cataract surgery and implantation of a stent. Vision on presentation was hand motion with an intraocular pressure of 6. Exam was notable for…

This patient presented with low eye pressure post trauma. OCT shows hypotony maculopathy with choroidal folds. Surgery with direct suture pexy was performed. The pressure improved and the maculopathy improved.

Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) A patient presents with recent blurry vision OS. VA 20/200 OD and 20/25 OS. Exam significant for macular scar OD and macular edema OS. Imaging workup significant for OCT showing intra-retinal fluid and VMT OS, SS-OCTA OS showed CNV. Patient started on Aflibercept injecti…