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A patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and history of cataract extraction presenting with recurrent episodes of high intraocular pressure. Fundus photo reveals hazy view with dense white vitreous opacity as well as diffuse retinal changes consistent with diabetes.

Ghost Cell Glaucoma A patient with history of T2DM and HTN presented to an emergency department with 2 days of eye pain. The patient endorsed a history of CEIOL in both eyes several years prior and recent history of vitreous hemorrhage for which he had been receiving intravitreal injections. Upon p…

In this module, we will look at:




Glaucoma Pathology


Glaucoma Treatment

Slit lamp photos demonstrating exposure of a glaucoma drainage device tube in the inferonasal quadrant without evidence of infection.

Glaucoma Drainage Device Related Endophthalmitis A patient with extensive past ocular history and multiple ocular surgeries, most recently a few months prior to presentation came to the emergency department with one day of pain and vision loss. On examination, patient was found to have a hypopyon, …

Hyphema A patient with past medical history of hypothyroidism, DVT, Basal Cell Carcinoma and past ocular history of birdshot chorioretinitis, severe uveitic glaucoma, and visually significant bilateral cataracts underwent uneventful combined cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation of…

Hypotony Due to Cyclodialysis Clef A patient with a history of high myopia presented as a referral from an the retina service for low intraocular pressure and blurry vision five months after pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous opacities in the left eye. His intraocular pressure was 8 on difluprednat…

Hypotony Following Glaucoma Drainage Implant A patient with a past ocular history of primary open angle glaucoma who underwent cataract extraction and trabeculectomy in the right eye and cataract extraction in the left eye presented for evaluation of high intraocular pressure in both eyes. Visual a…

ICE Syndrome with Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma A patient presented to the Emergency Department with one day of right eye pain and blurry vision. She was noted to have decreased visual acuity in the right eye of 20/400 with highly elevated intraocular pressure at 50. Visual acuity and intraocula…

This patient was referred for possible iris malignancy. Ultrasound confirmed no mass. There is atrophy of the iris nasally with some variable pigmentation.

These are caused by failure of the embryonic fissure to close during the second month of development in utero. The iris defect is also known as a "keyhole" pupil. Here, there is not only an iris defect, but also missing tissue in the lens (yellow arrow) and zonules. This can cause difficulties duri…

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma A baby was referred for a new-onset subconjunctival lesion in the right eye. He was found to have a thickened, yellow corneoscleral lesion and hyphema, presumed to be ocular juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). He was started on topical steroids as empiric treatment, with initia…

Mixed Mechanism Angle Closure Glaucoma A patient presented with eye pain and decreased vision in the left eye and treated for HSV keratouveitis. A few months later, he presented with halos and high IOP. He was placed on topical glaucoma drops and continued to have episodes. A laser peripheral iride…

Mixed Mechanism Glaucoma Secondary to Retained Lens Material A patient with a past ocular history of diabetic cataracts status post cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion 28 years prior to presentation, proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema treated wit…

Motility Disturbances after Glaucoma Drainage Device A patient with a history of traumatic angle recession glaucoma in the left eye presented with acute onset of double vision and persistent ocular soreness in the left eye. He denied generalized weakness or difficulty with respiration. His surgical…