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Radiation Retinopathy A patient with past medical history of CNS lymphoma treated with chemotherapy but refractory and necessitating radiation therapy later presented to ophthalmology with slight decrease in vision. On examination, found to have cotton wool spots in both eyes. Fluorescein angiogram…

Refractory Full Thickness Macular Hole A patient presented with a “black central spot” in the right eye. The past ocular history included an idiopathic full thickness macular hole in the right eye that had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peel two times. The left …

In this module, we will look at:




Anatomy of the Retina, Vitreous, and Choroid


Imaging in the Retina


Age-Related Macular Degeneration


Central Retinal Vein Occlusion


Central Retina Artery Occlusion


Retinal Tears / Detachments


Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retina Vasculitis, Leprosy A 56-year-old man referred to the BPEI for intermediate uveitis and retinal vasculitis. Examination revealed 20/25 vision in both eyes and trace vitreous cells in both eyes. Ocular coherence tomography showed no macular edema. Fluorescein angiogram showed retinal vasculit…

Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm 82-year-old female presented to BPEI from the Cayman Islands with 3 weeks of floaters and decreased vision in the right eye. Visual acuity was hand motion and posterior exam revealed vitreous hemorrhage, submacular hemorrhage, and a retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM…

Retinal Arteriole Occlusions Secondary to Silicone Microembolization A patient with a history of mid-brain syndrome and silicone gluteal injection 12 years prior presented to the emergency department complaining of floaters in the right eye for the past week. Exam was notable for visual acuity of 2…

Retinal Detachment Associated with Retinal Dialysis A soccer player presented to the Bascom Palmer Emergency Department after failing a driver’s test. Past medical history was unremarkable. Exam was notable for visual acuity of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/300 in the left eye. Intraocular pressu…

Retinal Detachment Caused by Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy A 44-year-old man and 19-year-old man, neither with initially disclosed medical history, present with severe vision loss one eye. Both patients have findings consistent with retinal detachment associated with proliferative retinopat…

Retinal Detachment in Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy A middle-aged patient presented with decreased vision in her right eye. She had a history of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. She is blind in the left eye from a prior failed retinal detachment repair. Her vision in the right eye was…

Retinal Displacement After Retinal Detachment Repair A patient with no past ocular history presented to the emergency department complaining of floaters and decreased vision in the right eye. The patient was diagnosed with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with multiple retinal breaks. The patien…

Retinal Tear An asymptomatic patient presented for routine ophthalmic examination. The anterior segment examination was significant for cataracts in both eyes. The dilated fundus examination revealed a superotemporal horseshoe tear (HST) with surrounding subretinal fluid in the right eye and was no…

Retinal Tear in a Fellow Eye A patient presented to Bascom Palmer Eye Institute for routine post operative follow-up after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair of the right eye one month prior. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/60 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Intraocular pressu…

Right eye of patient who presented to clinic due to floaters, on fundus exam he had this peripheral whitish confluent granular lesion with areas of atrophy.

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RHO Pro347Leu Mutation) with Intermediate Uveitis Our patient was referred for asymptomatic bilateral cystoid macular edema (CME) found on a routine eye exam. Initial visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes with normal intraocular pressure. Posterior segment exam revealed 2+ vitr…